
Maybe you saw my video from the summer looking for research participants – a big thank you to everyone who was interested in participating! But I still need more participants! I’m looking for deaf and hard of hearing people who learned ASL later in life, around high school or older. I’m especially interested in people who have been signing for less than ten years, but if you’ve been signing for longer, that’s okay too.
If you are interested or want to learn more, fill out the short eligibility survey using this link bit.ly/macstudy2024 (also found in our bio). There’s some criteria for participation, so not everyone will qualify, but the best way to find out is to fill out the survey. Please only open this link on a computer (desktop or laptop) using Google Chrome. You will not be able to access the link using a phone, tablet, or other internet browser.
If you qualify, you will need about 45 minutes after the eligibility survey to complete the online tasks. After completing those tasks, you will be asked to schedule a 45 minute Zoom meeting to complete more tasks. If you complete all the tasks, you will receive $40.
This study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board at Gallaudet University. If you have any questions, please email kaj.kraus@gallaudet.edu. Thank you!
IMAGE DESCRIPTION:
Two logos are at the top of the post. On the left is the purple Modality, Acquisition, and Cognition lab logo, which features nested purple and white abstract icons of figures embracing. On the right is the blue Gallaudet University logo with two yellow arcs. Below the logos are two questions, with the first half of each question in black and the second half of each question in purple. “Are you deaf or hard of hearing? Have you been signing ASL for less than 10 years?” Below the questions is the instruction “if yes to both…” with an arrow leading to a link, bit.ly/macstudy2024. Below the link is the instruction, in yellow font, to “type link all lower-case.” The link and instructions are enclosed in a purple oval. Below the link are four sections, each with a header in a black oval and a few lines of black text below. The top left section header is “Who we are,” with the answer below, “We are the Modality, Acquisition, & Cognition lab at Gallaudet University. Kaj Kraus, PhD candidate in Linguistics, is leading this study.” The top right section header is “Our study,” and below it says, “We are studying how deaf & hard of hearing people learn ASL after growing up primarily using spoken language(s).” The bottom left section header is “How to join,” and below it says, “Open the link above using Google Chrome on a computer (laptop or desktop). Do not use a phone, tablet, or another kind of browser.” The words “do not” are in a red font. The bottom right section header is “Payment,” and below it says, “Participation includes ~45 minutes of online tasks & a ~45 minute Zoom meeting. You will get $40 if you complete both.” Below the four sections, at the bottom of the image, are two lines of small text that say “This study has been approved by the Gallaudet University Institutional Review Board.” and “Questions? Email kaj.kraus@gallaudet.edu.”
VIDEO DESCRIPTION:
Kaj is standing in front of a plain black background and signing ASL. He is a white man with dark red hair and a beard. He is wearing a solid black long-sleeve shirt. His right ear has two small gold hoop earrings. Above his head is the Modality, Acquisition, and Cognition lab logo.
The MAC Lab (Modality, Acquisition, and Cognition Laboratory) is a research lab in the Department of Linguistics at Gallaudet University, directed by Dr. Deanna Gagne. We study how language is acquired and used across different modalities — visual, tactile, and spoken — and how varied language experiences shape cognitive development. Our work focuses especially on deaf, DeafBlind, and hard of hearing individuals across the lifespan.
The MAC Lab is made up of a multidisciplinary team including linguists, PhD students, DeafBlind educators, protactile experts, and research assistants. We also work closely with collaborators at other universities and with members of the DeafBlind community through the PT Kids Lab — our sister lab focused on protactile language acquisition in DeafBlind children.
Yes! We are currently recruiting participants for our Study of Protactile Acquisition, which investigates how DeafBlind children acquire protactile language. We are also conducting ongoing research on sign language learning in deaf and hard of hearing adults. Visit our Study page to learn more about current studies and eligibility requirements, or reach out to us directly at maclab@gallaudet.edu.
The best way to stay informed is to check our Publications and Blog pages regularly, where we share new research findings, study updates, and lab news. You can also follow us on Instagram at @maclab23
Protactile is a tactile language that emerged organically within the DeafBlind community in the United States, beginning around 2007 in Seattle, Washington. Unlike tactile adaptations of ASL, protactile was developed by and for DeafBlind people from the ground up. It centers touch as the primary channel for communication, using the listener’s body as the space for language. Protactile is still developing as a language, and the MAC Lab’s PT Kids Lab is actively studying how DeafBlind children acquire it.
The PT Kids Lab is the protactile acquisition research arm of the MAC Lab, also based at Gallaudet University. It is the first lab in the world dedicated to studying how DeafBlind children acquire protactile language from birth. Our team works directly with DeafBlind children and their families in home-based sessions, documenting early language development and helping to understand what it means for a child to grow up with a truly accessible first language.
The MAC Lab is located within the Department of Linguistics at Gallaudet University in Washington, D.C. — the world’s only university designed to be fully accessible to deaf and hard of hearing students. Gallaudet is a unique home for our research, providing direct access to one of the most vibrant deaf communities in the world.
You can reach us by email at maclab@gallaudet.edu, or by visiting our Contact page where you can submit a message directly. We welcome inquiries from prospective collaborators, families interested in our research, students interested in joining the lab, and anyone curious about our work. Our lab is located at Gallaudet University, 800 Florida Avenue NE, Washington, D.C. 20002.
Gagne, D. L., & Broadway, H. (2026). From Contact to Conversation: Protactile Language, Modality, and Community. Annual Review of Linguistics, 12, 81–97. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-011724-121536
Coppola, M., Flaherty, M., Gagne, D., Gagne, K., Kocab, A., Martin, A., Morales Blanco, D., Morales Ruíz, I., Pyers, J., & Senghas, A. (2025). Convergence and Emergence: How Nicaraguan Signing Has Been Shaped by Transmission, Acquisition, and Interaction. Sign Language Studies, 26(1), 69–103. DOI: 10.1353/sls.2025.a981200
Lillo-Martin, D., Gagne, D., & Chen Pichler, D. (2022)